<p style='text-align: justify;'>Black and white wide angle photograph of the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator of 1932, showing the high voltage transformers on the extreme left. Protons were directed onto a lithium target and the products of the interactions were observed on a zinc flouride fluorescent screen. They succeeded in observing the first artificial nuclear disintegrations, as well as demonstrating experimentally that <i>E = mc<sup>2</sup></i>. Cockcroft and Walton were awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize in Physics for this work.</p>