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Cavendish Laboratory : Ashmead's helium liquefier

Cavendish Laboratory

<p style='text-align: justify;'>Black and white photograph of John Ashmead's helium liquefier in situ but without its outer case. By 1947, there was a need for larger supplies of liquid helium than could be provided by the Kapitsa liquefier. John Ashmead completed his new machine in 1949. Liquefied He was produced by Joule-Thomson expansion, rather than by adiabatic cooling as in Kapitsa's liquefier. The helium was pre-cooled to 14 K by liquid hydrogen, improving safety and efficiency.</p>

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