<p style='text-align: justify;'>Letter from Judah ha-Kohen b. Joseph to the ‘fifth in the Yeshiva’, probably dated c. 1064 CE. The writer strongly advises against travel to a distant land (possibly Germany) that would take 3 years to reach, and warns that the Jewish scholars in that place were no better than local scholars. Moreover, they speak a barbaric language and have rude manners. The local Jewish community also limited travelling businessmen to a stay of no more than one month (ḥerem ha-yišuv).</p>